Global Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Source: Global Environmental Change
Year: 2025
Type: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the global drivers of deforestation and forest degradation across diverse regions and time periods. By synthesizing findings from a large body of research, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to forest loss worldwide.
The research identifies agriculture as the dominant driver of deforestation, with commercial agricultural activities accounting for the majority of forest conversion. Livestock production plays a particularly significant role due to the extensive land required for grazing and feed production. These activities are often concentrated in tropical regions, where deforestation rates are highest.
In addition to large-scale agriculture, the study highlights the role of subsistence farming, logging, and infrastructure development as contributing factors. However, these drivers are generally secondary compared to the impact of commercial agricultural expansion.
The study distinguishes between deforestation and forest degradation, noting that while deforestation involves permanent land-use change, degradation refers to the decline in forest quality due to activities such as selective logging. Both processes have significant environmental consequences, including biodiversity loss and increased greenhouse gas emissions.
A key strength of this research is its systematic approach, which allows for the identification of consistent patterns across different regions and contexts. By integrating data from multiple studies, the findings provide robust evidence for the primary role of agriculture in driving forest loss.
For The Ark of Compassion, this study reinforces a clear insight: global demand for agricultural products, particularly those linked to animal agriculture, is a central driver of deforestation, making dietary and food system changes critical for reducing land-use pressure.
